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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file get more in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products gathered here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for check sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.